Legal Anabolic Steroids 17α-methyltestosterone Use for Sex Reversal of Tilapia CAS: 65-04-3
Introduction:
17α-methyltestosterone is used to induce the sex reversal of Tilapia sp. to obtain cultures mono-sex to an economically viable. This practice may lead to environmental contamination and problems in human health. Therefore methods need to be developed to detect residues of 17α-methyltestosterone in aqueous matrices. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method using ultraviolet detection (245 nm) and testosterone as internal standard has been developed for the monitoring 17α-methyltestosterone in freshwater samples of tilapia aquaculture. The method described involves limited sample preparation as it includes a filtration followed by a single solid-phase extraction step using C18 cartridge. Validation data indicated that the HPLC-UV method for 17α-methyltestosterone determination in the concentration range of 50 - 2000 μg/L provided good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Method performance was efficiently applied to monitoring the freshwater samples of fish ponds and the surrounding aquatic channels.
Basic Details:
Molecular formula: C20H30O2
Molecular weight: 302.45
EINECS No.: 200-366-3
Melting point: 162-168 (lit.)
Appearance : white powder
CAS No.: 65-04-3
Assay: 97%-103%
Application:
Sex reversal of newly hatched tilapia generally is accomplished via oral administration of 17a-methyltestosterone (MT), which has been incorporated into a starter fish feed at 60 mg MT/kg feed (Popma and Green, 1990). Although the use of the 60 mg MT/kg feed dose consistently yields populations comprised of less than 5% females (i.e., > 95% males), this has not been shown to be the optimal dose. Other investigators have reported sex reversal of tilapia at dose rates less than 60 mg MT/kg feed (Guerrero, 1975; Tayamen and Shelton, 1978; McGeachin et al., 1987; Jo et al., 1988; Varadaraj and Pandian, 1989); however, results from some of these studies are inconsistent, and it is difficult to separate treatment environment effects. Thus, it is necessary to identify the optimal dose of MT for consistent, successful sex reversal in a variety of treatment environments.
Naturally occurring sources of testosterone may be an alternative to using a synthetic androgen, which also is an anabolic steroid, for tilapia sex reversal. Haylor and Pascual (1991) reported successful tilapia sex reversal using ram testes as a source of dietary testosterone. Bull testes are a by-product of the beef industry in the US and are a potential source of dietary testosterone for tilapia sex reversal.
The objectives of this research were to:
1) determine the efficacy of different dosage rates of MT for sex reversal of fish treated in different environments; and
2) evaluate the potential of freeze-dried bull testes as a dietary source of testosterone for tilapia sex reversal.
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